1.Consider what we know intuitively about an integrator. If you apply a DC signal at the input (i.e. , zero frequency), the output will describe a linear ramp that grows in amplitude until limited by the power supplies. Ignoring that limitation, the response of an integrator at zero frequency is infinite, which means that it has a pole at zero frequency. (A pole exists at any frequency for which the transfer function’s value becomes infinite.)

1.我们怎么从直观上理解积分器呢?假设在输入端加上一个直流信号(频率为0),那么在输出端将会出现一个线性斜坡信号,其幅度一直增至电源电压。如果不考虑电源电压对输出信号的限制,积分器在零频率上的响应将是无穷大,这意味着它在零频率点上存在一个极点(在任何使传递函数为无穷大值的频率点上都存在一个极点)。

2.While the complex frequency’s imaginary part helps describe a response to AC signals, the real part helps describe a circuit’s transient response.

2.复频率的虚部有助于描述电路对交流信号的响应,而其实部有助于描述电路的瞬态响应。

3.The low-pass filter’s transient response is more stable, because its pole is in the negative-real half of the complex plane.

3.低通滤波器的`瞬态响应更加稳定,因为其极点位于复平面的左半部。

4.Clock Driver Skew (Intrinsic Skew) is the amount of skew caused by the clock driver itself. There are two kinds of clock driver devices; buffer devices and PLL-based devices. Skew occurs on the output of the buffer devices because of the differences in propagation delay of the input signal through the device.

4.时钟驱动器偏移(固有偏移)是由时钟驱动器自己引起的偏移。有两种类型的时钟驱动设备,缓存器件和基于锁相环的器件。偏移发生在缓冲器件的输出端,因为输入信号通过器件时,其传播延迟有差异。

5.The capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of the material and to the area of the plates and inversely to the distance of the plates.

5.电容器的电容量与介质的介电常数及平板的面积成正比,与平板间的距离成反比。